September 17, 2025 – At least 45 teachers in Iran were interrogated, arrested, sentenced, or subjected to disciplinary measures during the summer school break, according to a recent review by an independent human rights monitor. The actions reportedly spanned multiple provinces and are linked to teachers’ peaceful advocacy, including calls for improved working conditions, fair wages, and access to education for all children.
The pattern of arrests and judicial pressures appears to be part of a broader crackdown on independent union activity, with cases documented in both urban and rural areas. Kurdish-populated regions have seen particularly severe responses, including forced retirements, dismissals, and professional demotions.
Security forces have also raided peaceful gatherings of teachers, including internal union meetings, resulting in further detentions and the seizure of personal property. Some teachers face long prison sentences under vague national security charges for activities such as organizing sit-ins or participating in online discussions related to labor rights.
Despite assurances that their actions are peaceful and lawful, many educators report intimidation, court summons, and employment bans. Others are reportedly under electronic surveillance or house arrest, creating severe personal and professional burdens.
Independent teacher unions are not legally recognized in Iran, and labor organizing is often criminalized. These practices are inconsistent with Iran’s obligations under international law, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and core conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO), which protect the rights to freedom of association, peaceful assembly, and collective bargaining.
The ongoing targeting of educators has a chilling effect on academic freedom and civil society. It also undermines the right to education and the stability of the teaching profession, especially in marginalized and underserved communities.
Call to Action
We urge all relevant UN bodies, including the ILO, UNESCO, and the UN Special Procedures, to:
- Urgently investigate the situation of detained and disciplined teachers in Iran
- Press for the immediate release of those imprisoned for peaceful union activities
- Call for the recognition of independent unions and the right to organize
Respect for educators’ rights is central to building an inclusive, equitable, and resilient society. The international community must not remain silent in the face of widespread violations targeting those who teach the next generation.
